Coastal states exercise sovereignty over their territorial sea.
Coastal states are entitled to enforce pollution control requirements that exceed MARPOL 73/78 standards only in their territorial seas and may not establish regulations that apply to the design, construction, manning, or equipment of foreign ships (Art. 21 UNCLOS).
(ICCT, Air Pollution and GHG Emissions from Ocean-going Ships: Impacts, Mitigation Options and Opportunities for Managing Growth, March 2007)
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